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Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to become prime minister of IndiaMahatma Gandhi to adopt Feroz khan so that prime ministership remains in Jawahar lal Family.

Indira Gandhi, daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, became prime minister of India in 1966. Mrs. Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 to Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru. She was named Indira Priyadarshini Nehru. She fell in love and decided to marry Feroze Khan, a family friend. Feroze Khan’s father, Nawab Khan, was a Muslim, and mother was a Persian Muslim. Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to become prime minister of India. He wanted the thrown to contunue in his family. He furter knew that If India remained united, Jinnah may become its prime minister. He did not approve name of her daughter to be called as Indira khan (see http://www.asiasource.org/ society/indiragandhi.cfm). If his dynesty was to continue then Indira has to marry either a Gandhi or a Nehru. Since illeterate indians may confuse marriage of a nehru to a nehru, Jawahar lal asked/forced Mahatma Gandhi to adopt Feroz khan so that prime ministership remains in Jawahar lal Family. If Indira Nehru were to marry a Muslim she would loose the possibility of becoming the heir to the future Nehru dynasty. At the request of Jawahar lal, Mahatma Gandhi adopted Feroze Khan, gave him his last name (family name/caste name) and got the name of Feroz Khan changed to Feroz Gandhi by an affidavit in England. Thus, Feroze Khan became Feroze Gandhi. Though Mahatma belonged to Bania/Gandhi caste (a business tribe) the proposal was acceptable to Nehru for his political ambitions. Indira Nehru married Feroze (Khan) Gandhi in 1942 and became Indira Gandhi, which helped her politically as daughter of Nehru (the first Prime Minister of the Indian Union) and daughter–in-law of Gandhi (the father of the nation) securing future Nehru-Gandhi dynasty (based on swordoftruth.com). and since an offspring takes on the religion of his father Rahul is a muslim. The full name of feroz khan's father is Jehangir Nawab Khan. Since religion is taken from father's name Rahul is technically a muslim. Though because of swindling illeterate indians, nehru also forced Feroz to not only change his name but also marry as per Hindu traditions something like in film 'Gadar'

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EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION ON SOCIETY. FRIENDS, WE ALL ARE SUFFERING DUE TO CORRUPTION BY MANY WAYS

EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION ON SOCIETY.

FRIENDS, WE ALL ARE SUFFERING DUE TO CORRUPTION BY MANY WAYS. AND STILL WE ARE NOT GIVING ANY TYPE OF ATTENTION TO IT. PLEASE DON'T IGNORE. DO EVERY POSSIBLE THING TO FIGHT CORRUPTION IN YOUR EVERY DAY LIFE. ALWAYS KEEP IN MIND THAT YOU WILL NOT DO ANY KIND OF THING WHICH WILL PROMOTE OR ENCOURAGE CORRUPTION. CORRUPTION FREE INDIA IS THE DREAM OF ALL OF US.
AND TOGETHER..ONE DAY..WE WILL MAKE IT!!!


Effects:

EFFECTS ON POLITICS, ADMINISTRATION, AND INSTITUTIONS:
Corruption poses a serious development challenge. In the political realm, it undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in legislative bodies reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services. It violates a basic principle of republicanism regarding the centrality of civic virtue. More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government as procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. At the same time, corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance.


ECONOMIC EFFECTS:
Corruption undermines economic development by generating considerable distortions and inefficiency. In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials, and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting bureaucracy, the availability of bribes can also induce officials to contrive new rules and delays. Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations are better than covertly allowing them to be bypassed by using bribes. Where corruption inflates the cost of business, it also distorts the playing field, shielding firms with connections from competition and thereby sustaining inefficient firms.

Corruption also generates economic distortions in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave the way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government.

Economists argue that one of the factors behind the differing economic development in Africa and Asia is that in the former, corruption has primarily taken the form of rent extraction with the resulting financial capital moved overseas rather than invested at home (hence the stereotypical, but often accurate, image of African dictators having Swiss bank accounts). In Nigeria, for example, more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999. University of Massachusetts researchers estimated that from 1970 to 1996, capital flight from 30 sub-Saharan countries totaled $187bn, exceeding those nations' external debts. (The results, expressed in retarded or suppressed development, have been modeled in theory by economist Mancur Olson.) In the case of Africa, one of the factors for this behavior was political instability, and the fact that new governments often confiscated previous government's corruptly-obtained assets. This encouraged officials to stash their wealth abroad, out of reach of any future expropriation. In contrast, Asian administrations such as Suharto's New Order often took a cut on business transactions or provided conditions for development, through infrastructure investment, law and order, etc.


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS:

Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. Corrupt countries may formally have legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market.

The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem." While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur. Governments with strong tendencies towards kleptocracy can undermine food security even when harvests are good. Officials often steal state property. In Bihar, India, more than 80% of the subsidized food aid to poor is stolen by corrupt officials. Similarly, food aid is often robbed at gunpoint by governments, criminals, and warlords alike, and sold for a profit. The 20th century is full of many examples of governments undermining the food security of their own nations – sometimes intentionally.


EFFECTS ON HUMANITARIAN AID:

The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk. Food aid can be directly and physically diverted from its intended destination, or indirectly through the manipulation of assessments, targeting, registration and distributions to favour certain groups or individuals. Elsewhere, in construction and shelter, there are numerous opportunities for diversion and profit through substandard workmanship, kickbacks for contracts and favouritism in the provision of valuable shelter material. Thus while humanitarian aid agencies are usually most concerned about aid being diverted by including too many, recipients themselves are most concerned about exclusion. Access to aid may be limited to those with connections, to those who pay bribes or are forced to give sexual favours. Equally, those able to do so may manipulate statistics to inflate the number beneficiaries and syphon of the additional assistance.


OTHER AREAS: HEALTH, PUBLIC SAFETY, EDUCATION, TRADE UNIONS, ETC.

Corruption is not specific to poor, developing, or transition countries. In western countries, there have been cases of bribery and other forms of corruption in all possible fields: under-the-table payments made to reputed surgeons by patients willing to be on top of the list of forthcoming surgeries, bribes paid by suppliers to the automotive industry in order to sell poor quality connectors used for instance in safety equipment such as airbags, bribes paid by suppliers to manufacturers of defibrillators (to sell poor quality capacitors), contributions paid by wealthy parents to the "social and culture fund" of a prestigious university in exchange for it to accept their children, bribes paid to obtain diplomas, financial and other advantages granted to unionists by members of the executive board of a car manufacturer in exchange for employer-friendly positions and votes, etc. Examples are endless. These various manifestations of corruption can ultimately present a danger for the public health; they can discredit certain essential institutions or social relationships.

Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places).

There have also been cases against (members of) various types of non-profit and non-government organisations, as well as religious organisations.

Ultimately, the distinction between public and private sector corruption sometimes appears rather artificial and national anti-corruption initiatives may need to avoid legal and other loopholes in the coverage of the instruments.

EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO ERADICATE EVILS The dawn of independence has virtually came with confrontation of many problems

EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO ERADICATE EVILS

The dawn of independence has virtually came with confrontation of many problems for effective administration. The foremost and the prominent problem was for rehabilitation of the refugees. There was no place for providing them the basic requirement of shelter and for that reason, the government provided the shelter home for them. The locality was not congenial for their adaptation . Thus the hostility amongst the people has started generating their side effects . The civilisation is the beginning of the governance to any nation. In absence of any co-ordination amongst the fellow citizens , the concept of social embodiment was virtually evasive . Thus there was neither any co-operation nor co-ordination amongst the citizens. The sole motto was to accumulate the resources for advancement and to enforce their hypothetical illusive superiority amongst the other inhabitant. Thus there was a complete absence of religious and spiritual concept in the society.

No man can survive in isolation . There is  a rule of give and take . The moment one person is inclined to accept  everything as a matter of his right, the person who is inclined to give him  his extra potential , withdraw the basic offer. This become the end of social collaboration . No country is able to survive except by the will of the people . The bitterness  amongst the people may ultimately lead to a crisis on psychological level. Thus the country required the coercive method for the enforcement of law and order situation. This was on account of partition of India.

After independence there was the abolition of the Zamindari system in India. The entire agriculture land was wasted to the state government. The farmers were given only their cultivators rights over the rural land. Thus the concept of ownership was diluted to  certain extent   and those who  were in occupation over the agriculture land became the Asami. Even a Bhumidhar was not vested the absolute ownership and was enjoying the transferable  cultivators right. Thus the initiative for improvement  of the land was slightly undergone a major change. The investment in the agriculture activities was multiplied to its many fold. This was due to inflation   and the steep fall in the value of money. Thus  it has gradually declined the production  of the agriculture produce. The system has further suffered another set back by commercial activities as the cost of the labour was gradually increasing in its output. There was  the difficulty faced by the farmers when they have entered the same cost of labour, what was required to be incurred for production.

The commercial activities and the industrial production were not deprentdent on external factor like environmental misbalance and the natural calamities .The farmer having an agricultur3e production was solely dependent upon these two factors, this has provided a great disharmony in the progress of our nation . There were class prejudice between the various  section of the society and this factor was coupled with the socio-economic factor relating to the comparative assessment of cost productivity. On one hand the industrial and commercial productivity was within the control of the labour to a certain extent however there was no organization activities for boosting the cause of the farmers. By the erosion of the ethical values in the society and the rapid growth of the population, there was gradually a process of  migration from there motherland to some of the major cities in the search of the better avenues for remuneration by the people. Thus the major population which was totally dependent on their agriculture output an living in rural area has under gone a great set back in respect of their earning prospects and ultimately by the fragmentation of the segment over the peace of the land, there was gradual declination of the standard of living in the village area .

The political equation which were originally set-up in the pre-independence era were caught in the whirl pool  by the violent stroke of caste system which was generating the devaluation in the national integration with cumulative effect . People do not live to face the truth and thus has their evasive attitude which deepens the compulsive gambler maladies by the passage of time. Although there was deep bitterness amongst the different religions but the slogan were promulgated by our political leader to maintain the feeling of the brotherhood which was not possible without proper enforcement. Thus in such as situation when there was already a deep conspiracy to upset the flow of the national esteem amongst the mind of the citizens by the other nation ,the political set-up of our country has further exaggerated such problem to the multiple proportion. There was the need for law enforcement agencies but such enforcement was still not possible without having a control over the system .

This has become a crisis in the first decade after the independence gradually there was as rampant corruption ascending in the public life and the galloping race which was developed by the process of character assassination could not be halted even after the enforcement of the highest law of our country . The crucial factor , as are being discussed above alike hunger , deficiency ,disharmony and disintegration ,has further provided a fast   deteriorating standard of our society and as a counter productive reactionary trend , the crime has perpetuated in our society. In absence of any deterrent , retributive  and punitive theory of punishment    , the political arena which was previously occupied by our so called political sufferer in the freedom movement, was gradually replaced by the criminals. This was a paradise to every law evading process to shield up their  responsibility as a repercussion of the criminal  activity by the procedural processed jurisprudence . Thus instead of having any growth for the advancement of the nation, every potential and resources lying within the competence and power of our citizen was vested in providing the security to our political superior. Thus  by the dawn of fifty years of independence, India has not only undergone through a political uncertainty but it has exposed its character by demonstrating an example of hypocrisy, religious hatred  and criminal  domination.

The industrial output  which was occupied by labour contribution, has further suffered on account of low productivity in the public sector. There are about 250 public sector in the central government while 710 public sectors are occupied by the state .These sector have become a money guzzles for the opportunists for accumulating their personal assets. The East India Company was initially given the power to get the administration over the different states as the ruler may earn the revenue through British’s but ultimately  they became the ruler. The present  industrial set-up of our country has further invited such divisive forces to rule over  our nation.

The first and foremost requirement in our country is to deal with a criminal with severe punishment .It has rightly been said that it is only the fear which keeps a man to do the righteous thing in his life. The bane of caste system, the business of religion and unhygienic process for accumulation of the assets and resources with the limited people which has provided a disharmony in  the society , can only be dealt with by confiscation and forfeiture of the property belonging to the criminals. The bonafide citizens and a genuine person may not be liable to suffer the atrocities committed by a criminal who may get escaped from the  punishment by making a target on the victim. The state is responsible for every crime and  it is a lame excuse that it is meant to preserve only the law and order situation. There is a need for getting every person being removed somehow or other who by his own nature uses to indulge in a criminal activities .

That is the need of  the time   other wise the entire nation will be compelled to become the hens of the criminals.

There is the second requirement for having an accountability of the wrong doer, It is certainly not the purpose and the objective of the law enforcing agencies , that a wrong be corrected or rectified. This is a reciprocal obligation upon every superior authority in the hierarchy of the system that their subordinate may get the proper punishment for every wilful defiance of their inaction and such in subordination of the rule of law in the society. It is the high time that every quasi judicial action in which there is a glimpse of dishonesty , such action apart from being dealt with by rectification of the mistake , be accountable  against such officer on account of whose wilful negligence or lapses , the affected person has undergone a great agony, discomfiture , disappointment , frustration otherwise there will be no end of dishonest and apathetically circumstances from the society.

The ecological cycle has been totally disassociated from its normal course. There is the need for filling the  rainy water inside our first subcutaneous layer from where the water is pulled through pumping set. This will provide the immediate water requirement to the citizen for their daily use as well as for their irrigation. There is the wastage of this water and ultimately the same is providing the flood   to the other portion of the country lying on low altitude and in this manner we may again restore the glory of the Himalayan valley throughout our nation.

The privilege orientation system being generated for creating a psychological; terror on the mentality of as common man is required to be dealt with by the people themselves  as no-one  wanted to get his privilege been taken away simply on account of  the wishes of the other citizens. The voice of the intellectual is soft and till they may not unite in the battle , the victory  and the chances of success is always lying at a remote  distance . Every toil will have its own colour subject to that we may be inclined to eradicate the prevailing maladies.

In exercise of the power conferred upon para eight of the tenth schedule of the Constitution of India, the speaker of the U. P. legislative assembly had framed “The member of U. P. legislative assembly (disqualification on the ground of defection )Rules,1987”. The statement of object and reason of the Constitution (52 amendment) at, 1985 were sum up in these  words. The evil of political defection has been a matter of National concern.  If it is not combated, it is likely to undermine the vary foundations of our democracy and principles, which sustained it. The anti-defection Bill is meant for outlawing defection and fulfilling the above assurance.  Surprisingly, the expression “Political party” and “Defection” are not defined in  interpretation clause.  The splitting of 1/3 members of a particular  party by formation of separate group is permitted, but the defection of a individual legislature is prohibited under the Act. This is a very strange that if you commit  the murder of democracy with impunity under the garb of the split in political party, you will be punished but the infliction of the injury on political party is punishable with the disqualification of the membership of the legislature; if the legislature has acted according to his conscience by supporting the resolution of confidence or no confidence.  The question which arise in the mind of individual citizen that whether while exercising his adult franchise in the election, he chooses an individual candidate or political party to come into power and it the political party is voted to the power why the individual is permissible to play the vital role  in the formation of the legislation.  There are other questions regarding the sanctity of the whip enforced by the individual party is a democratic trend or it leads to an anarchy  or an oligarchy.  Thus the Parliamentarian system of the governance by the political party appears to be undemocratic on its face value.

The supply of the essential commodity like food water electricity and other resources should be provided without interruption and for such crisis there is the vicarious liability

The supply of the essential commodity like food water electricity  and other resources should be provided without interruption and for such crisis there is  the vicarious liability of the state government. Thus it is for the state government to adopt the suitable measurement for providing such commodity and simultaneously to dealt with the person / employee working under them  by awarding suitable punishment if they may cause such disruption.

 The outcome of the agriculture production are the assets of the nation. There is the check and balance in respect of determination of the prices of the food products. However despite being regulated by the government policy, there has been an apathy with the problems of the farmers. Since the entire land is vested with the state government ,it is the duty reciprocal upon the state to provide the improvement in the soil for better productivity. There are many defects in the present system of agriculture  system and till the government may not be held responsible for cultivation    soil conservation and for providing the fertility , nothing can be improved by  merely the slogans . Unfortunately there are the instances of the arrests a poor farmer when he finds himself unable to fulfil the contractual liability by repairment of the debt which he had taken for proving irrigation, cultivation and production of his agriculture land. Whether the government is justified for keeping privilege orientation and simultaneously putting the farmers inside the jail on account of there failure to repay the loan due to some natural calamity. Every sort of incentive by providing the financial assistance to the needy people is of no avail , if the son of the soil may undergone a treatment of discrimination and arbitrariness by committing atrocities upon them.

The universal declaration of the human right is nothing but a misnomer in India . There is neither a human being who is born free and having equal dignity and rights  as are being enjoyed by few opportunists. There cannot be an endeavour in the spirit of brotherhood. Our country has  got the race prejudice which is dependent not only on the basis of the colour, sex , language but on the basis of caste affiliation. Here is no security of the person and everyone is subjected to be ruled by the law enforcing agents either in slavery or in servitude. People are subjected to torture and to get degrading treatment by another fellow citizen whoever is enjoying the power. The right to an effective remedy is totally     collapsed by the pressure of the work. In such situation, how the courts which are considered to be sentinel  in the quivive may enjoy the protection of the rule of law in the society.

Success lies upon the effective measures to eradicate root an branches of all evils. It is been considered that now the arms of the law are not long enough to mould the law . According to the need of the people. The law enforcement agencies are mainly adopting the coercive power by providing a torture and they are seldom not concerned with their duty. Thus a clear imperative by proper planning ,constant counselling and persuasion are the appropriate mean rather abrupt and spontaneous method. There is a need to provide some incidental and ancillary powers to the courts for adopting new device, new methods and new strategy in securing the justice to the people.    

Necessary amendments are required to be done in our constitution by expanding the   scope of Article 226 and 227 of the constitution of India.The judicial verdict may be regarded as the foundation and the third pillar of the democracy which may have some foundation on the basis of the public opinion. If  the people may start their trust in such system then no one can save it from the ultimate collapse thus every procedural law which is providing a barrier for effective adjudication of a dispute must be wiped out from its inherent impediment. The process of judicial proceeding are in itself cumbersome and exhausting. There are huge investment in the process of final verdict . Thus a system is required to be develop in which the person may feel confident. This is not a system which is purely dependent upon the gambit  or like a profound gambler but on the other hand it may require to win the trust amongst the people. If the litigant consider it as a chance verdict for which a huge investment may require then for him it may become as a Hobson’s choice.

Unfortunately the mutation proceedings for providing the name being  recorded ion the revenue record and on the basis of which every transaction is dependent are still being considered as the summary proceeding which are collateral piece of evidence for the purpose of realisation of the compensation in the land acquisition and for proving the possession . who bothers for title and it is seldom found easier to fabricate a negotiable instrument and document for raising a dispute and there by to obtain an injunction  even amazed the state government to cultivate a right over such land. Thus  it has become a compulsive gambler to an innocent citizen either to surrender his rights of ownership or he may adopt a course of criminal nature to settle dispute. Thus if the accountability and responsibility of the wrong doer may not be fixed by the present judicial system the foundation which are based for the peaceful assimilating of the superior command may gradually be vanished  from the scene of our present  judicial set-up.

The concept of tortuous liability  has yet not been evolved for providing the damage to the victim of the wrong. In absence of such responsibility there is neither the requirement which has been visualised by the higher judiciary to have the proper and effective control over the subordinate judicial officer. Power of judicial review  is coupled with the power to scrutinise as to whether the judicial authority entrusted with the power to hold enquiry was vested with the jurisdiction, power and authority to reach a definite conclusion which has been arrived  by such judicial officer in delivering a judgement .

The legal proposition based on such supervisory jurisdiction is coupled with the fact as to whether an abuse of the discretion may not be viewed by its magnitude and its gravity of the said misconduct, may not be sufficient for disciplinary action. Such power may be exercised in exceptional cases  but atleast there may be some fear in the minds of the judicial officer to conduct its functioning as the confidence of the litigant public may not be shaken by the lack of integrity and character of the judicial officer by  providing  the suffering to an innocent person  and also to maintain the discipline in the judicial service. Unfortunately we have lost our sight from this basic requirement, which is necessary to maintain the rule of law .

The government has a sovereign function which includes the right to impose tax. Seldom , people ask that why they should be held responsible for the payment of the tax . The reason for their declination to fulfil such a responsibility is basically two folds; Firstly, the public money is mis-utilised by the bureaucrats and other politicians, who  are holding the public office as the custodian of the trust of the people. Secondly, the money which is realised as the tax is occasionally mis-utilised for the political consideration which is contrary to the object and being invested for extraneous consideration. The tax payer has a right on the public exchequer as it may not be hired at the convenience of the politician. In absence   of an institution like that of Ombudsman which is known as Lok -Aayukt where the people may lodge a complaint against the dishonest and  corrupt officials. This is due to the reason that in India , we have lack of sense of duty and dedication to public service and a reluctance to confirm one’s own behaviour to the accepted norm of honesty and probity in public life. Illiteracy reigns supreme in India. A complete absence of enlightened public opinion is prevalent which is necessary to make such Institutions  work. A persistent tendency to subordinate national interest to the personal interest accompanied  by an Individual his inordinate love for chair , power and money is evident in our country. Thus in absence of a superior command we may seldom get a man, who by his own nature may be indulged for the welfare of the people. This is only  the fear which may keep a person in order .

The judicial system which was initially meant for rectification of the mistake of  the subordinate judicial officer , is seldom found in itself being indulged into its own mistake . The litigation is now being filed nearly as a clock for attaining private ends and as such the court must be careful to weigh conflicting interest of the other side. The consequent delay in disposal of the cases is seldom visualised the shortage of the water supply for the agriculture irrigation facility, shortage in electric supply ,obstructing industrial development  and for the construction of the road and irrigation canal by entertaining the petition on the plea  of malafide or by levelling the allegation for collateral purpose against the land acquisition proceedings. Thus there may be reimbursement of cost of escalation resulting from such delay  to the public or to the affected party , in case such litigation which has started for extraneous consideration ultimately fails.

Religion is politics ; and the politics is the brotherhood ( William Blake ). Thus the politics is an essential branch of the art of promoting the human welfare and happiness but it was never considered to be an art of obtaining power, which may turn as demagogy. Every  action has three basic requirement for its objective , i.e Desire , Emotion and Knowledge. In absence of any of the three basic ingredients to be adhere prior to the implementation of a policy, we may have the utter failure in every efforts. Thus the country is also bound to collapse on every front, if there is the absence of the knowledge amongst our politicians. Every basic thrust is secondary for the utilisation. If we consider money as the paramount consideration for attaining the political power , the custodian of the public trust shall automatically purged with the illusion of hypothetical superiority and nothing shall remain to  provide a contribution towards the welfare of the citizen. The necessity of the money is to achieve the basic requirement otherwise the accumulation of it in itself become a corruption. The similar sentiments may be attributed towards power and sex desire which has its reservoir in the emotional psychological sphere but if it is unchecked it may result in disastrous for the society. Thus if we are inherently incapable to decide, what is required for our existence , there is a need for sanction and the punitive measurement, if one may side track from the basic requirement unfortunately despite our inherent capability to improve in a span of  last 50 years after being ruled by the alien power, we have yet not evolved an effective system. This is the reason of our political disaster.