The
Central Government, shall have the power to take all such measures as it deems
necessary or expedient for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality
of the environment and preventing controlling and abating environmental
pollution. • Such measures may include measures with respect to all or any of
the following matters, namely: i. co-ordination of actions by the State
Governments, officers and other authorities- (a) under this Act, or the rules
made thereunder, or (b) under any other law for the time being in force which
is relatable to the objects of this Act; ii. planning and execution of a
nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of
environmental pollution; iii. laying down standards for the quality of
environment in its various aspects; iv. laying down standards for emission or
discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources whatsoever: Provided
that different standards for emission or discharge may be laid down under this
clause from different sources having regard to the quality or composition of
the emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from such sources; v.
restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class
of industries, operations or processes shall not be carried out or shall be
carried out subject to certain safeguards; vi. laying down procedures and
safeguards for the prevention of accidents which may cause environmental
pollution and remedial measures for such accidents; vii. laying down procedures
and safeguards for the handling of hazardous substances; viii. examination of
such manufacturing processes, materials and substances as are likely to cause
environmental pollution; ix. carrying out and sponsoring investigations and
research relating to problems of environmental pollution; x. inspection of any
premises, plant, equipment, machinery, manufacturing or other processes,
materials or substances and giving, by order, of such directions to such authorities,
officers or persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the
prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution; xi. establishment
or recognition of environmental laboratories and institutes to carry out the
functions entrusted to such environmental laboratories and institutes under
this Act; xii. collection and dissemination of information in respect of
matters relating to environmental pollution; xiii. preparation of manuals,
codes or guides relating to the prevention, control and abatement of
environmental pollution; xiv. such other matters as the Central Government
deems necessary or expedient for the purpose of securing the effective
implementation of the provisions of this Act. • The Central Government may, if
it considers it necessary or expedient so to do for the purpose of this Act, by
order, published in the Official Gazette, constitute an authority or
authorities by such name or names as may be specified in the order for the
purpose of exercising and performing such of the powers and functions
(including the power to issue directions under section (5) of the Central
Government under this Act and for taking measures with respect to such of the
matters referred to in sub-section (2) as may be mentioned in the order and
subject to the supervision and control of the Central Government and the
provisions of such order, such authority or authorities may exercise and powers
or perform the functions or take the measures so mentioned in the order as if
such authority or authorities had been empowered by this Act to exercise those
powers or perform those functions or take such measures. As considerable
adverse environment impact has been caused due to degradation of the
environment with excessive soil erosion and water and air pollution due to
certain development activities therefore it is necessary to protect the
environment. This can be achieved only by careful assessment of a project
proposed to be located in any area, on the basis of an environment impact
assessment and environment management plan for the prevention, elimination or
mitigation of the adverse impacts, right from the inception stage of the
project The Central Government has passed certain notifications laying that the
expansion or modernisation of any existing industry or new projects listed
shall not be undertaken in any part of India, unless it gets environmental
clearance by the Central Government, or the State Government. PREVENTION
CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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